Challenges in Military Aviation Development
Risk has often played a significant role in the success or failure of military programs. The recent cessation of the Army’s Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft program underscores this truth. In stark contrast, the Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft (FLRAA) is adopting a more cautious, iterative approach. Utilizing established systems and technology readiness levels (TRL), including components from the Apache, Black Hawk, and Chinook helicopters, FLRAA aspires to incorporate new capabilities like launched effects without venturing too far into uncertain territory.
The Introduction of Tiltrotor Technology
A notable aspect of the FLRAA program is its integration of a tiltrotor aircraft into the Army’s aviation fleet, marking a significant technological advancement. This innovation could present new risks within the defense industrial base as suppliers adapt to the new requirements, while also offering opportunities to modernize an aging fleet.
FLRAA Project Manager Col. Jeffrey Poquette recognized the historical context, noting, “The last developmental rotorcraft [for the Army was] about 40 or so years ago.” An emphasis on managing supply chain risks, particularly illuminated during the COVID-19 pandemic, has become paramount for the program. Complexities arise from the extensive networks required to support advanced aircraft, making robust supply chain management a priority.
Mitigating Supply Chain Risks
To tackle supply chain vulnerabilities, the program has established a dedicated supply chain risk management team to monitor raw materials through to finished products. The Department of Defense’s new “consent to subcontract” capability enhances oversight on subcontracting processes, allowing project managers to assess suppliers’ resilience before approving new contracts. As the prime contractor for FLRAA, Bell is required to demonstrate thorough risk evaluations regarding their suppliers, particularly focusing on material origins and alternate sourcing strategies.
Progress and Future Milestones
FLRAA achieved its Milestone B in mid-2024 thanks, in part, to a strong risk management posture. The program has since entered the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase, where designs will be finalized and prototypes built, paving the way for a Milestone C decision on production in 2028. Ryan Ehinger from Bell stressed the importance of supply chain risk management for maintaining a healthy production line, particularly given the long lead times for aviation components and the high costs associated with mid-production changes.
Intellectual Property Rights and Sustainability
Adding another layer of complexity, the ownership of intellectual property (IP) rights associated with FLRAA poses additional supply chain challenges. The Army aims to prevent vendor lock-in by utilizing the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA), allowing for the rapid integration of new capabilities to counter evolving threats. Col. Poquette pointed out the Army’s focus on logistics functions and operational independence to sustain its capabilities in challenging environments.
To secure necessary IP while respecting contractors’ rights, the Army has incentivized contractors like Bell to deliver comprehensive support for various use cases identified during program development. This strategy facilitates access to critical IP without compromising the value companies place on their innovations.
Collaboration for Future Success
The transition to new acquisition strategies, such as MOSA and a refined understanding of intellectual property rights, signals a transformative shift for both the Army and its suppliers. Ehinger emphasized that suppliers who adapt to provide competitive value will thrive, while those who resist change may find themselves with diminishing opportunities.
As technology advances, the industry is at a pivotal moment where modern manufacturing techniques can significantly enhance affordability and quality. By maintaining a cohesive digital thread throughout the development process, companies are poised to embrace these changes, ensuring a more resilient supply chain and effective long-term sustainment of military aircraft like the FLRAA.