The Space Force’s upcoming generation of space domain awareness satellites will be equipped with on-orbit refueling capabilities. This marks the first time the service has included such a requirement in an official acquisition program.
Mandated Refueling
„I mandated that, and was very militant about that,” stated Maj. Gen. Stephen Purdy, acting Air Force assistant secretary for acquisition and integration.
RG-XX Program
Space Systems Command is preparing a draft request for proposal (RFP) for the RG-XX program, which will replace the current Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program (GSSAP) constellation. The goal is to issue the RFP by the end of the year. The Space Force plans to own and operate the new satellites and intends to have multiple providers.
Enhanced Maneuverability
The GSSAP satellites have some maneuverability, but their range and speed are limited by their fuel capacity. On-orbit refueling will provide the Space Force with greater freedom to conduct rendezvous and proximity operations, enabling closer monitoring of adversary satellites.
Foot in the Door
„To be blunt, US Space Command has been very open about that desire [for] on-orbit servicing and mobility. Given our funding situation, it’s been difficult to stand up an … actual program. So, we’re looking at this one to kind of get our foot in the door,” Purdy explained.
Fuel Compatibility Challenges
A complication arises from the Space Force’s intention to award multiple contracts for the RG-XX constellation, as satellites from different vendors are likely to use different fuels. Purdy suggested potential solutions, such as requiring vendors to provide their own refuelers or contracting with companies that operate refueling spacecraft.
Contractor-Owned Refueling
The Space Force could purchase refueling services from „contractor-owned, contractor-operated” refueling spacecraft. The Space Force currently has contracts with Northrop Grumman and Astroscale US to demonstrate refueling capabilities.
Active Debate
„So that’s a subject of rapid, active debate that we’re working on right now,” Purdy stated, indicating that the refueling strategy is still under consideration.
