The multinational Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF) has initiated a new operation focused on a UK-led, artificial intelligence (AI)-based reaction system designed to assess threats to undersea cables and monitor the movements of Russia’s shadow fleet.
Operation Overview
Named Nordic Warden, the operation commenced last week, as stated by the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) in a press release on Monday. This initiative follows reports of a Russian oil tanker suspected of damaging the Estlink undersea cable in the Baltic Sea.
AI-Driven Threat Assessment
Central to the operation is an AI-developed computer program that analyzes data from various sources, including the Automatic Identification System (AIS) used by ships to broadcast their positions. This system calculates the risk posed by vessels entering areas of particular interest. “Specific vessels identified as being part of Russia’s shadow fleet have been registered into the system so they can be closely monitored when approaching key areas of interest,” noted the MoD.
In the event that a suspicious vessel is detected, the system can perform real-time tracking and instantly alert JEF members and other NATO allies.
Strengthening European Security
London emphasized that Nordic Warden exemplifies how JEF is utilizing innovative technologies to enhance European security while supporting and complementing NATO’s operations. British Prime Minister Keir Starmer stated, “Growth and national security are vital to our Plan for Change, which is why this government is working closely with our allies to protect critical national infrastructure, such as undersea cables.”
Response to Recent Incidents
Coinciding with the UK’s announcement, JEF expressed its concern regarding the recent damage caused to the Estlink-2 power cable and several undersea data cables in the Baltic Sea on December 25, 2024. The incident has been condemned for its direct economic and security implications for Finland and Estonia.
In reaction to the suspected Russian sabotage, Finland has taken decisive action by launching an investigation and seizing the Eagle S tanker. Finland’s National Bureau of Investigation indicated that it is “about to” finalize seabed-related activities linked to the investigation.
Challenges Faced by NATO
Prior to this latest incident, Ben Key, the First Sea Lord of the UK Royal Navy, acknowledged that NATO nations have been struggling to address attacks on undersea cables and connectors, facing difficulties associated with territorial ownership rights and international maritime conventions.