Introduction: In 2025, the US Space Force anticipates conducting 18 launches as part of its National Security Space Launch (NSSL) Phase 2 program, as well as four small launches with payloads under 400 pounds, according to Brig. Gen. Kristin Panzenhagen, the program executive officer for assured access to space.
Launch Plans and Certification Issues: During her remarks at the Space Mobility Conference in Orlando, Brig. Gen. Panzenhagen highlighted that the 18 planned launches would primarily utilize United Launch Alliance’s Vulcan heavy lifter and SpaceX’s Falcon 9. However, there are certification challenges regarding the Vulcan rocket, which has yet to be approved for NSSL missions due to a nozzle failure on one of its solid rocket boosters during a qualifying launch. The Space Force aims to resolve these issues by mid-February, contingent on the progress of anomaly investigations.
Upcoming NSSL Phase 3 Launches: In conjunction with Phase 2 launches, the Space Force is preparing to commence Phase 3 launches in 2025. Phase 3 Lane 1 will include missions that are easier to execute and entail fewer certification requirements. A notable candidate for this phase is Blue Origin’s New Glenn rocket, which successfully completed its maiden launch on January 16, showing promise for certification.
Increased Launch Cadence and Operational Challenges: Brig. Gen. Panzenhagen forecasted a higher launch cadence in 2025 compared to 2024, with expectations of annual increases of 25 to 30 percent over the next few years. However, this operational tempo raises concerns about personnel shortages, as current staffing levels are based on 2017 launch rates. While automation and process improvements have been implemented, the manpower demands remain significant.
Focus on Resiliency in Launch Operations: Panzenhagen emphasized the need for resilience within the Space Force’s launch operations. This includes diversifying launch vehicles and ensuring options across different companies to mitigate risks from operational disruptions. The focus extends to supply chain resilience, aiming to sustain operations in the face of challenges in other sectors.
Enhancing Launch Capacity and Security: The Space Force is working to enhance launch capacity at both the Eastern Range in Florida and the Western Range in California by improving payload processing capabilities. Funding secured for 2024 aims to address bottlenecks in this area, with expectations for additional funding in 2025. Furthermore, measures to bolster base security, particularly cybersecurity, are being prioritized to ensure readiness in the event of a crisis.
Conclusion: Ultimately, Brig. Gen. Panzenhagen articulated that the overarching goal is to empower warfighters to effectively deter adversary threats through enhanced launch capabilities and operational readiness. The Space Force’s strategic focus on launch resiliency and efficiency is positioned to strengthen U.S. defense capabilities in an increasingly competitive space environment.